Dog's Digestive Distress: Constipation, Diarrhea and Vomiting
It's tough when your furry friend isn't in good spirits. As a dog parent, you can feel helpless when uncertainty looms. So read on That's why you can read to learn more about the solutions to constipation, vomiting and diarrhea in dogs.
Vomiting in dogs
It's not uncommon for a dog to vomit up a piece of a chew bone they swallowed too quickly or to regurgitate a pool of slimy water if they drank too fast. A dog with kennel cough might also cough up mucus without it being a major concern. A dog whose stomach is empty for too long may vomit a yellowish slime.
Common causes of vomiting in dogs
However, persistent acute vomiting is more serious. Typically, it's caused by the dog ingesting something inappropriate, perhaps spoiled food, something toxic, or an item that got stuck (in the throat, stomach, or intestines).
When should vomiting be investigated?
Vomiting can also be caused by a parasitic infection, severe poisoning, a reaction to medication, or a sign of an underlying illness. For instance, a dog with uterine infection, kidney disease, liver issues, or prostate problems may vomit as a result. That's why it's crucial that more severe and persistent vomiting, especially if the dog is lethargic, is always investigated by a veterinarian.
Why you should avoid home remedies
If you suspect that your dog has ingested something poisonous or that an object is stuck in its throat or stomach, never try to make it vomit by giving it salt, for example (you could cause salt poisoning). There are many dubious home remedies recommended; play it safe, let the white coats take care of it all.
The importance of fluids in vomiting
A dog can lose a significant amount of fluids if they vomit frequently, and dehydration can be life-threatening. Puppies and small dogs are particularly vulnerable, so it's essential to ensure your dog gets water.
Give liquid with a dosing syringe
Use a syringe. Insert it into the corner of the dog's mouth and slightly elevate their head. Slowly squirt in small amounts of water (preferably fluid replacement for dogs). Never force fluids or food into your dog's throat; it can lead to inhalation into the lungs, causing pneumonia.
Recommended amount of liquid
Normally, a dog should consume about 0.5 dl (50 ml) of water per kilogram of body weight per day. With vomiting, this amount can double. It's a good idea to have a canine oral rehydration solution at home (such as Oralade); being prepared is reassuring.
When you should see a vet for vomiting
If your dog isn't drinking on their own, or if you can't get them to keep down the water you provide, or if the vomiting doesn't stop within a day, seek veterinary care. Intravenous fluids may be necessary to stabilize their fluid balance.
Diarrhea in dogs
A dog should defecate between 1-3 times a day, depending on their diet. A dog on a raw food diet typically defecates less frequently than a dog eating dry kibble.
Common causes of diarrhea in dogs
If your dog is defecating more than usual or if their stool is looser/harder than normal, it can be a sign of illness. There can be many causes, including food intolerance, gastritis, ulcers, inflammatory changes in the stomach and intestines, stress, bacterial infection, worms, or other parasites, or pancreatitis.
Small intestine diarrhea vs. large intestine diarrhea
There's a difference between small intestine diarrhea and large intestine diarrhea. In small intestine diarrhea, the dog often passes larger amounts of loose fluid. In large intestine diarrhea, the dog defecates more frequently, and the stool becomes thinner and progressively less in quantity; it also tends to be mucusier.
If the stool contains bright blood, it may indicate ruptured blood vessels in the rectum or irritation of the small intestine. If the blood is dark, the situation is more serious, and you should seek veterinary care immediately.
Should a dog fast for diarrhea?
In the past, it was recommended to fast a dog with diarrhea or vomiting for 12 hours before introducing a bland diet. This is outdated advice. Fasting is not beneficial for intestinal cells; they need access to good nutrition to "calm down." Instead, offer an oral rehydration solution that provides microenteral nutrition to the intestinal cells, along with the salts the body needs.
Ensure your dog has free access to water and let them rest. Skip the long walk and exercise session; a quick potty break will do.
Spoon feeding and pro- and prebiotics for dogs with diarrhea
Afterward, offer small portions of a bland diet, preferably in combination with products like Canikur, Pro-Kolin+, or Diarsanyl (which contains no fat and is preferred if you suspect pancreatitis). These preparations contain fibers, probiotics, and prebiotics that strengthen and protect the intestines and restore intestinal function in cases of acute diarrhea. You can buy them at the pharmacy.
You can then give the diet in several portions per day until the stool is firm again. Then you can gradually phase in your dog's regular food again.
When you should see a vet for diarrhea
If your dog has persistent or bloody diarrhea or if their general condition is affected, contact a veterinarian. Just like with vomiting, it's crucial that your dog stays hydrated during illness.
Causes and treatment of constipation
Dogs can become constipated if they've ingested something inappropriate that's become lodged in the intestines or if they're not moving enough. Even back pain can cause constipation if the dog avoids defecating because it hurts to arch their back. Don't try to resolve constipation on your own. There are many home remedies, and they can pose a risk to your dog. It's essential to determine the cause of your dog's constipation before a veterinarian treats it.
Symptoms requiring immediate veterinary attention
- The vomit or stool contains blood
- They've swallowed something inappropriate or ingested something toxic
- vomits up water
- They are a puppy or senior and can't retain fluids
- if what the dog vomits or poops contains blood
Written by: Caroline Alupo
Caroline Alupo is Petli's co-founder. She has a master's degree in ethology and is also a trained dog trainer and dog psychologist. She has 19 years of experience as a professional dog trainer. Read more about Caroline here.
Fact-checked by: Sofia Nälgård
Sofia Nälgård is a licensed veterinarian with degrees from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the University of Copenhagen. She runs Smådjursdepån in Växjö, where she offers professional and personalized care.
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